In wide area network (WAN) transmissions for remote networking between cities, various media and protocols are employed to meet different requirements. Here are some common transmission methods:

1. Fiber Optic Transmission

Fiber optic cables are one of the most widely used transmission media today. They support long-distance, high-speed data transmission and offer high bandwidth and reliability. Typically laid through underground or underwater cables, fiber optics ensure secure and stable data transmission. They can achieve near-theoretical data transfer rates and are immune to electromagnetic interference. This makes them ideal for backbone networks connecting different countries or continents. For example, Google used an 8,272-kilometer fiber optic cable to connect the United States and Chile.

2. Satellite Transmission

Satellite transmission also plays a crucial role in WANs, especially in areas with vast coverage, including remote or rural regions. Satellites can provide important backup communication links during natural disasters or other emergencies that disrupt ground communications, despite their high latency. In some cases, satellite transmission is indispensable.

3. Coaxial Cable and Twisted Pair

For medium to short distance connections, coaxial cables and twisted pairs are extensively used. Although these media offer lower data transmission rates compared to fiber optics, they can still meet many application needs. Coaxial cables are commonly used for cable television and internet access and are suitable for connecting nearby cities or different locations within a corporate network. While coaxial cables have higher signal loss over long distances, they remain an effective solution in certain scenarios.

4. Network Transmission Protocols

Optimized protocols are vital in WAN transmission, enhancing the efficiency and security of data transfer between different locations.

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) provides a secure and reliable channel for data transmission and is widely used to establish virtual private networks (VPNs), allowing remote users to access the WAN securely.

MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) labels data packets to help network routers quickly identify and transmit data, improving the efficiency of data transmission within WANs.

Ethernet protocols allow devices in different locations to connect through various media, including fiber optics, coaxial cables, and twisted pairs. The comprehensive family of Ethernet protocols ensures reliable data transmission. Ethernet’s flexibility and widespread use make it suitable for a wide range of scenarios, from metropolitan networks to intercontinental connections.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is often used for remote access, enabling users to connect to remote networks via modems.

High-security encryption protocols are used in government and military applications to ensure the security of data transmission.

In summary, WAN transmission for remote networking between cities involves various media and protocols. From fiber optics to satellites, from IPsec to MPLS, these technologies and protocols collectively build a powerful WAN to meet diverse needs. If you have remote networking requirements, you can consult with Ogcloud. We design the most suitable solutions for you.